Cause & Effect Of Reading Books Essays - Reading,

Cause & Effect Of Reading Books This essay argues that the cause and effects of reading books are numerous, but will focus on one cause, starting to read books on a regular basis, and two effects, increased comprehension abilities, and the promotion of vocabulary growth. Reading skills are essential to success in society today. The ability to read is highly valued and very important for social and economic advancement. The following paragraphs will try to explain some of the important effects that reading books will have in a person's life. In America today, most children are beginning or trying to talk around the age of two years. This is a time when language skills are just starting to develop. Even though it usually too early of an age to expect a child to read, there is no reason why the parent cannot start the reading process by reading aloud to them. Instilling reading into a child's life can prove to be one of the most valuable skills that they will ever learn. As a result from reading books, the child will be more likely to read and speak in front of people. This is a very marketable skill to have in the workforce and for school. One of the effects that reading has on a person, is the ability to understand more terms or words, over a period of time. This is commonly 1 referred to as comprehension. Reading can be a challenge but is one that must be met accordingly in order to succeed. Children who are successful readers tend to exhibit progressive social skills. Having confidence in reading only comes from the daily practice of reading. One good way to accomplish the task of reading daily is through books. Reading books can develop a person's comprehension by learning new words. The easiest way to do this is to look up words in the dictionary that are not understood when they are first read. Writing these words down and reciting them aloud also help to establish them in memory. Incorporating these new words in everyday speaking will increase language skills and boost confidence in the speaker as well. The second effect that reading books has is vocabulary growth. Along the same lines of comprehension, the growth of vocabulary is also very important. Having a large vocabulary is not only impressive but useful in many areas of public speaking. For example, many politicians say the same things over and over again, and to the untrained listener this might go on unnoticed. Their ability to do this comes largely from an extensive vocabulary base. Many different words have the same meaning, or as they are more commonly referred to are synonyms. Upon looking up a word in 2 the dictionary one might be surprised to realize that they already know the definition to it. By cross-checking these words and learning the different synonyms to them, a vocabulary is being established. As a result of reading books over a period of time, a learning process is formed. In summary, although only two effects are mentioned within this essay, there are a great many benefits to be gained from reading books. It is proven that in this technological society, the demands for higher levels of literacy are creating unfavorable consequences for those who fall short. This is even more of a reason to get into the habit of reading books. Sharing books with a child is an active approach to the learning of lifelong language skills and to ensure future success. 3

Life Spans Development And Learning Children And Young People Essay Essays

Life Spans Development And Learning Children And Young People Essay Essays Life Spans Development And Learning Children And Young People Essay Essay Life Spans Development And Learning Children And Young People Essay Essay In this article Time is best gift for childs at Christmas, says experts author, Beck Vass introduces grounds for grownups to pass clip with kids. Vass advises parents to non purchase expensive playthings but to merely pass clip with household. Children do non retrieve the nowadayss they received when they were eight old ages old but they will retrieve they clip they spent with their household on vacation. Children need a supportive environment ; they need clip with parents to construct a relationship and trust. Time together as a household will be good for all members of the household. Beck suggests that the usage of electronic amusement is non necessary in kid s development and kids s imaginativeness is a large portion of acquisition and should be encouraged. Vass advises parents to pass more clip with their kids as it is better for their development instead than purchasing them expensive playthings at Christmas. Vass interviewed registered clinical psychologist, Megan Fowler, who suggests grownups put a batch of force per unit area on themselves to supply certain things nevertheless maintaining it simple is the best manner. Fowler recommends that parents can pass clip with kids without playthings and suggests that it is the quality of clip which is required. This article writes childs do nt be given to retrieve the present they got when they were 8, but they might retrieve the vacation they had with the household at the beach or the clip they went bivouacing . Famed psychoanalytic theoretician Sigmund Freud focussed on kids s development being greatly formed by early experiences in the household ( Sigelman A ; Rider, 2009 ) . Freud focussed on the nature side of the nature-nurture statement in his theories, nevertheless Freud viewed e arly experiences in an person s life as a big subscriber to their personality. Inspired by Freud s theories, Erik Erikson the neo-Freudian psychoanalytic theoretician believed that the health professional s general reactivity was critical to subsequently development. If health professionals neglect, reject, or react inconsistently to babies, babies will distrust others ( Sigelman A ; Rider, 2009 ) . Children need a supportive environment, they need clip with parents to construct a relationship and trust. This will determine their personality and features into the grownup they will go with good relationships and strong trust. In the usage of encephalon imagination engineering, Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography ( SPECT ) , which explores how encephalon map relates to behaviour, merely about one in 25 encephalons is absolutely normal. An unnatural encephalon could be caused by a figure of factors including physical and emotional disregard can do or lend to encephalon abnormalcies, including ADHD ( Jacobelli A ; Watson, 2008 ) . Vass encourages parents to give kids the physical and emotional support they require. This is to guarantee their development is non affected in a negative manner by non holding the physically and emotionally supportive environment kids require. Vass suggests that clip with household will be good for all members of the household. Kathryn Geldard A ; David Geldard write in Counselling Children about household boundaries and how they are by and large transmitted from coevals to coevals. They describe disengaged households as unsociable with small communicating whereas enmeshed households live in a more community life style with household and friends being often involved in their lives. This allows kids to larn how to portion better, how to compromise and to construct trust. ( Geldard A ; Geldard, 2002 ) . This would besides promote the kid to depend on more than merely their parents entirely. This is healthy for the kid as they will develop a trust on others than merely their parents entirely. This will promote kids as they grow up to do friends, socialise good in big groups and this would be good for when they are older in working life. Spending clip with household additions your communicating accomplishments to each other, because you know each other, this is making your relationship. It is of import to make this relationship and cognize each household member in order to hold a well pass oning household, this is particularly of import when the kid is younger in order to hold the relationship already built for when they are traveling through ambitious teenage old ages. In this article Toyworld purchaser Repeka Haurua advised household games and out-of-door playthings could non be substituted by electronics. Children of today are being exposed to many electronic devices such as telecasting, cyberspace and games. Electronic amusement has no benefit for kids under the age of two and for older pre-schoolers ; it has been proven that educational telecasting can perchance make more injury than good. For illustration, kids who watched Dora the Explorer or Blue s Hints at age two and a half had better linguistic communication accomplishments than those who watched Teletubbies who had worse linguistic communication accomplishments than norm ( Aamodt A ; Wang, 2011 ) . Beck suggests that the usage of electronic amusement is non necessary in kid s development, censoring electronic amusement wholly could be damaging as you are seting kids at the hazard of a societal disadvantage such as strong-arming from equals but besides deficiency of experience with compu ting machines which could take to professional troubles subsequently on. Enforcing clip bounds on electronic amusement could be a scheme which may work for households nevertheless when the kids are on down clip this is a good clip for parental interaction. Haurua is right in believing that household games and out-of-door playthings can non be substituted nevertheless these are of import for kids during their schooling old ages to help their accomplishments in information engineering develop. Parents need to utilize their discretion when it comes to computing machines. Computers are here to remain nevertheless they should non devour all of kids s clip. A kid should utilize no more than 30 proceedingss a twenty-four hours whilst at place, this is adequate to fit the kid with calculating accomplishments without over-exposing him to the cyber universe ( Dr Nithy, 2010 ) . Haurua mentioned that a kid can non sit in a corner with no friends, with their iPad. Haurua is accurate with this statement that if a kid was given this chance over and over they could go accustomed to sitting in the corner by themselves and this would consume their societal accomplishment set every bit good as disjoint them from their equals nevertheless, if their equals besides had iPads and the kid did non, this state of affairs could bring forth the same negative consequences so it depends on the child place at the clip. If Haurua is merely speaking to relation to clip at place this is right in proposing that it is no benefit for kids. Haurua provinces that five twelvemonth olds will ever desire Lego and the latest amusing books and trading cards this is most likely because they have seen other kids at pre-school with these points. Some of the gifts thoughts in the article are described as open-ended and inventive points such as pigments, pens and paper, dress-ups for fanciful drama, board games and balloons. Playing with imaginativeness heightening points such as these helps kids s personality, ethical motives and values develop and besides help them to larn. This is the same in the schoolroom ; kids learn when they see the information, hear the information, understand the information and eventually conceive of, visualise and experience the information ( Dr Nithy, 2010 ) . Children s imaginativeness is a large portion of acquisition and should be encouraged. This article concludes grounds for grownups to pass clip with their kids and advertises it as a cheaper option to purchasing disbursal electronic amusement devices. The article suggests that it is more good to all members of the household, non merely the kids. It becomes clear when lending factors such as Freud and Erikson s theories suggest that is contributes positive stimulation which aids the development of kids s societal accomplishments. These accomplishments will profit kids subsequently in their life in societal scenes within the work force. It proposes that inexpensive playthings are an alternate and more good than expensive points, but this depends on the state of affairs in which the kid is put in. Children should hold entree to some information engineering to increase their computer science accomplishments which will profit them subsequently in life as it will go 2nd nature. This article encourages parents to pass quality clip with their kids to let their societal accompl ishments to beef up and allow them to be ready for societal challenges they may be faced with in their hereafter. Mentions Cited Aamodt, S. , A ; Wang, S. ( 2011 ) . Welcome to your kid s encephalon. New York: Bloomsbury USA. Dr Nithy, T. ( 2010 ) . Your kid your mastermind. Singapore: Marshall Cavendish Editions. Duffy, B. ( 2006 ) . Supporting Creativity and Imagination in the Early Old ages. Berkshire: McGraw-Hill Education. Geldard, K. , A ; Geldard, D. ( 2002 ) . Reding Children. London: Sage Publications Ltd. Jacobelli, F. , A ; Watson, L. A. ( 2008 ) . ADD/ADHD Drug Free. New York: Amacom. Meggitt, C. ( 2012 ) . Understand kid development. London: Hodder Education. Sigelman, C. K. , A ; Rider, E. A. ( 2009 ) . Life-Span Human Development, ( 7th ed. ) . Belmont, CA. : Wadsworth, Cenage Learning. Beginnings Annotated Aamodt, S. , A ; Wang, S. ( 2011 ) . Welcome to your kid s encephalon. New York: Bloomsbury USA. 1. Sandra Aamodt, PH.D, A received her undergraduate grade in biophysics from Johns Hopkins University and her Ph.D. in neuroscience from the University of Rochester. She is the former editor in head ofA Nature Neuroscience, the taking scientific diary in the field of encephalon research. During her calling, she has read over 5000 neuroscience documents, given talks at many universities, and attended over 40 scientific meetings in 10 states. Her scientific discipline authorship has been published in theA New York Times, A Washington Post, A El MundoA and theA London Times. Sam Wang, PH.D. , attended theA California Institute of TechnologyA and graduated in 1986 with a B.S. in natural philosophies with honours at the age of 19, doing him the youngest member of his graduating category. Wang went on to gain a Ph.D. in neuroscience atA Stanford University. Wang is an associate professor of neuroscience at Princeton University. He has published over 50 articles on the encephalon in taking scientific diaries and has received legion telecasting and wireless visual aspects. Aamodt and Wang s first book, A Welcome To Your Brain: Why You Lose Your Car Keys But Never Forget How To Drive, was a best-seller. It was named 2009 Young Adult Science Book of the Year by the American Association for the Advancement of Science and has been translated into more than 20 linguistic communications. Their 2nd book ( this book ) , A Welcome To Your Child s Brain: How The Mind Develops From Conception To College, will be translated into 16 linguistic communications. Aamodt and Wang have successfully presented existent informations in a manner which the reader can understand and set into practise. They discuss every twenty-four hours experiences and how it can impact kid development. Dr Nithy, T. ( 2010 ) . Your kid your mastermind. Singapore: Marshall Cavendish Editions. 2. Dr Theva Nithy is a lector with the School of Educational Studies at University Sains Malaysia. Dr Nithy is a Malayan neuroscientist and instruction specializer, who focusses on memory and larning systems. Dr Nithy is presently involved in constructing a Corporate Intelligence engine that will tackle the power of Artificial Intelligence, Data Mining, Knowledge Management and Federated Searches, among others, to do sense of informations and present it as cognition. Dr Nithy could hold given more real-life illustrations in the book which would help parents in understanding kid development better. Because the book had spelling errors it took away the credibleness of the research. Duffy, B. ( 2006 ) . Supporting Creativity and Imagination in the Early Old ages. Berkshire: McGraw-Hill Education. 3. Bernadette Duffy is Head of the Thomas Coram Early Childhood Centre. Duffy originally trained as an early old ages instructor and has worked in a assortment of early old ages scenes. She is Vice-Chair of the British Association for Early Childhood Education and was portion of the Working Group for the Birth to Three Matters Project, every bit good as of the QCA Foundation Stage working party which devised the Guidance for the Foundation Stage. Duffy was made and OBE in 2005. Duffy s book Supporting Creativity and Imagination in the Early Years was published in 2006 and has contributed to a scope of publications and is the writer of Supporting Creativity and Imagination in the Early Old ages published by the Open University Press. She is co-editor with Dame Gillian Pugh ofA Contemporary Issues in the Early YearsA published by Sage. Bernadette is a talker on a broad scope of Early Old ages issues in this state and abroad. Bernadette has done some good research on the history of imaginativeness for this book. I found it to be somewhat alternate nevertheless this can be expected when reading about imaginativeness. This book is different to other books about kid development as it focusses on what non to make instead than what to make. Geldard, K. , A ; Geldard, D. ( 2002 ) . Reding Children. London: Sage Publications Ltd. 4. Dr Kathryn Geldard, A Ph.D. , A M.Couns. , Dip.O.T. , MAAOT is an Accessory Senior LecturerA in Counselling in the Faculty of Arts and Business at the University of the Sunshine Coast. PreviouslyA she was Senior Lecturer and plan leaderA at USC. Earlier she worked as a full clip lector in the School of Psychology and Counselling at the Queensland University of Technology in Brisbane, Australia. Earlier working as an academic she was in private pattern as a Child and Family Therapist and besides worked at the Child and Youth Mental Health Service in Queensland as a Psychotherapist. KathrynA carried out research on Adolescent Peer Counselling to derive her PhD, hasA a Masters Degree in Counselling, A andA isA a registeredA Occupational Therapist. She worked and trained in the United States and in Australia to work with kids and striplings psychotherapeutically. David Geldard, A BSc, DipPsych, MASA, worked for many old ages as a Counselling Psychologist utilizing and advancing an int egrative guidance attack for working with kids, grownups, and households. His peculiar involvement was in preparation counselors to work with emotionally and behaviourally disturbed kids and adolescents.A Jacobelli, F. , A ; Watson, L. A. ( 2008 ) . ADD/ADHD Drug Free. New York: Amacom. 5. Frank Jacobelli, MSW, LCSW. Frank has been a healer since 1988, working alongside his married woman Lynn Ann Watson, with grownups, childs and households. Frank has treated both kids and grownups in a assortment of clinical scenes including inpatient psychiatric, private pattern, and community mental wellness. Since 1994, Jacobelli has served as a Clinical Coordinator for Enki Health and Research Systems, Inc. in Northern California. Lynn Ann Watson has been an early-learning instruction manager, multiple-subject instructor, particular pedagogue, special-education decision maker, and resource specializer. This brace have put old ages of their ain personal experience into this book. They give illustrations on real-life experiences which makes it easy for the reader to associate with. Meggitt, C. ( 2012 ) . Understand kid development. London: Hodder Education. 6. Carolyn Meggitt studied sociology and psychological science at university followed by a calling in nursing. After 10 old ages as a nurse every bit good as being a practicing accoucheuse, Carolyn began learning. Carolyn has been composing books on kid wellness and development for many old ages. Carolyn has a passion for assisting equip child care workers with the cognition and apprehension required to look after kids. Carolyn has good points in this book in relation to child s development as she focusses on researching the plants of theoreticians such as Piaget, Freud, Erikson and Bowlby. This book gives you a practical apprehension of the topic and illustrations to endorse up cardinal points.

Hamas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hamas - Essay Example However, when the United Nations was founded in 24 October 1945, the territory has been being administered by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Island under a mandate from the League of Nations in 1922 (United Nations 1). The League of Nations was the predecessor of the United Nations. The area of Palestine under the British was 27,000 square kilometers (â€Å"The geography of Palestine†). In the early 20th century, Israel did not exist. Mass immigrations initiated by the Basle Conference in 1897 and Zionist invasions led to the creation of Israel. The United Nations immediately after World War 2, on Jewish lobby, was concerned for the creation of a Jewish home in Palestine (United Nations 1). However, the position of the Arab nations at that time was for the separation of the issue of an Israel state and the issue of refugees from Israel. With the creation of a Jewish state immediately after World War II, however, Arabs lobbied for the establishment of an independent Palestine west of the Jordan River (United Nations 5). Unfortunately, there was no consensus on this in the United Nations although a United Nations committee recommended that Palestine be subdivided in three units: an Arab and Jewish states as well as a special status for Jerusalem---all three units under the United Nations (5). In 1947, United Nation Resolution 188(II) divided Palestine into 8 parts: t hree of the eight parts were allotted to Arab countries, three parts were allotted to a future Jewish state, one part (Town of Jaffa) was to form an Arab enclave within the Jewish territory, and the eighth part or Jerusalem was to be administered by the United Nations (United Nations 3). Zionists (through the Jewish Agency that lobbied for the creation of a Jewish state) accepted the resolution but the plan was rejected by Palestinian Arabs and the Arab states on the ground that the resolution violated the provisions of the

Analysis of a drama Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Analysis of a drama - Essay Example The play effectively demonstrates these conditions by providing realistic situations and scenarios to the readers. Through the play, Ibsen sheds the light on and examines the lives of the three women from different socioeconomic classes: Nora, an affluent wife of an attorney; Mrs. Linde, a middle class woman who surrenders love to acquire riches for her family; and the nanny, a struggling lower- class citizen who gives up her integrity for the sake of her children. Although Ibsen dose not clearly state these sacrifices in words, he paints vivid images of the bitterness these women endure emotionally through their actions and reactions to the things that happen around them. In the first part, we are introduced to a character named Nora, an economically advantaged housewife to an oppressive husband, Torvald Helmer. Although it may appear that Nora has all that she wants in life, she nonetheless is forced to endure a difficult and emotionally unhappy life. Trapped in a society that predetermines the men to be the dominant partner in a marriage, Nora is forced to concede to Torvald’s condescending actions and words towards her. He not only governs her personal life, he also questions her management of money and constantly finds new excuses to insult her family. Torvald screams at Nora during Act I: You are an odd little soul. Very much like your father. You†¨always find some new way of wheedling money out of me, and, as†¨soon as you have got it, it seems to melt in your hands. You†¨never know where it has gone. Still, one must take you as you†¨are. It is in the blood; for indeed it is true that you can†¨inherit these things, Nora. (Ibsen,442) Torvald’s tyrannical dictatorship over Nora in this relationship epitomizes a marriage in society during Ibsen’s time. The actually location of this relationship in the play coupled with Nora’s stubbornness and unwillingness to submit

Income Distribution Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Income Distribution - Annotated Bibliography Example The second factor is the labor market that contrasts the standard supply model with the alternative possibility of bargaining power. Tax cuts lead to managerial energies that divert the remuneration expense at the expense of employment. On capital income, the authors cite that Europe adheres to a U-shaped model that inherits wealth through capital income taxation that curbs inequality. The controversy surrounding income inequality attributes to technological change and globalization. On the issue of inherited wealth, the author observes difference in magnitude across countries. The existing estimates show differences between the French U-shaped patterns that apply to Germany. The wealth surveys tend to underestimate inheritance receipts and that explains the reason behind the rise of inheritance flows in the recent period that appears limited in some countries. The variations in the total magnitude of wealth accumulation also explain the variations between the countries. The authors use different approaches to explain the differing experience in other advanced economies. The rise in the share of the top 1 percent has a noteworthy effect on the overall income inequality in America. During the First World War, the authors find that economic growth accompanies a rise in inequality and a decline in inequality. An interwar period fails to exhibit secular downward trend in the shares of top incomes. In the issue of tax rates that authors find consistency of tax rates that contribute to the earlier decline in the top income shares. The decline in the top capital incomes is the primary driver of top income shares in the early twentieth century. Lastly, the authors talk concerns earned income and capital income. The joint distribution of earned income and capital income compares with a Ricardian model. The pattern of crossing represents the copula that illustrates joint distribution in terms of ranks in the distribution of capital and earnings income. The authors

Plant Pigments and Photosynthesis

Plant Pigments and Photosynthesis Analysis 1. The solubility and the intermolecular bonds formed between the solute and the solvent are involved in the separation of pigments as it moves through a filter paper. 2. The Rf values would be different if a different solvent was used because the solvent would have different characteristics which affects the capillary action (because the Rf value is distance pigment migrated (mm) / distance solvent front migrated (mm), the capillary action would have a large impact on the Rf value), attraction of solvent molecules to one another, and each pigment will not be equally soluble to the original solvent. 3. The reaction center of photosynthesis contains chlorophyll a. Other chlorophyll a molecules, chlorophyll b, carotenes and xanthophylls capture light energy and transfer it to the chlorophyll a located in the reaction center. Carotenoids also protect the photosynthesis system from damaging ultraviolet rays. Part B Purpose Condition of Chloroplast vs. Rate of Photosynthesis: The purpose of this lab is to observe and measure the effect of boiled and unboiled chloroplast on the rate of photosynthesis of a chloroplast suspension made from spinach leaves. Presence of Light vs. Rate of Photosynthesis: The purpose of this lab is to observe and measure the effect of the presence of light on the rate of photosynthesis of a chloroplast suspension made from spinach leaves. Variables Condition of Chloroplast vs. Rate of Photosynthesis  · Independent Variable: Condition of chloroplast  · Dependent Variable: Rate of Photosynthesis; this will be measured by determining the percent transmittance of each chloroplast suspension.  · Controlled Variables: Amount of DPIP (mL), Temperature ( °C), and Amount of Phosphate Buffer (mL) Presence of Light vs. Rate of Photosynthesis  · Independent Variable: Presence of Light  · Dependent Variable: Rate of Photosynthesis; his will be measured by determining the percent transmittance of each chloroplast suspension.  · Controlled Variables: Amount of DPIP (mL), Temperature ( °C), and Amount of Phosphate Buffer (mL) Hypothesis If the condition of the chloroplast in the suspension was unboiled, and there was light present, then there will be photosynthesis occurring in the cuvette. Photosynthesis the process by which the chloroplast within the leaf cells of green plants use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water. In order for photosynthesis to occur, the chloroplast needs to be functioning, and light needs to be present to excite electrons for NADP to bind with. Because unboiled chloroplast and light are both present in cuvette 3, photosynthesis occurred rapidly. But if boiled chloroplast and light were present, photosynthesis would not occur. Boiling the chloroplast would rupture and destroy the chloroplast, therefore ceasing the process of photosynthesis. If unboiled chloroplast was in the cuvette, but light was absent, photosynthesis would not occur. Light is important in the process of photosynthesis. Light striking photosystem II is the cause of the excited electrons that bind to th e NADP, but in this experiment, the compound, DPIP, will be used as a substitute to determine percent transmittance. Therefore, without properly functioning chloroplast and light present, photosynthesis in the cuvette will not occur. Procedure First set up an incubation area that includes a light and a heat sink. Use a 100 mL beaker or flask filled with water to be placed between the light source and the cuvettes. Then, because you need to keep the chloroplast suspension cool, fill a bucket three quarters full with ice. Prepare the cuvettes by wiping all sides clean. Remember to handle them by touching the sides with the ridges. All solutions should be free of bubbles. Place cuvette position with the clear side facing the light source in the colorimeter. Label the caps of the cuvettes with numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Then make a foil container and a cap for cuvette 2 and make sure it can be easily removed so you it can be placed into the colorimeter for percent transmittance readings. This will keep the light out of cuvette 2 because it is a control. Remember to replace the foil between readings. Label the provided pipettes â€Å"B† for boiled chloroplast and â€Å"U† for unboiled chloroplast. Obtain the boile d and unboiled chloroplasts. Fill the bulb of each pipette to about one-third its total size. Invert the pipettes and place them in your ice bath. Be sure to keep both chloroplasts on ice at all times. When you are dispensing the chloroplasts into the cuvette, gently shake the pipette to resuspend the chloroplasts. To cuvette 1 add 1 mL of phosphate buffer, 2.5 mL of distilled water, and 3 drops of unboiled chloroplasts; cuvette 2 add 1 mL of phosphate buffer, 1.5 mL of distilled water, 1 mL of DPIP, and 3 drops of unboiled chloroplasts; cuvette 3 add 1 mL of phosphate buffer, 1.5 mL of distilled water, 1 mL of DPIP, and 3 drops of unboiled chloroplasts; cuvette 4 add 1 mL of phosphate buffer, 1.5 mL of distilled water, 1 mL of DPIP, and 3 drops of boiled chloroplasts; cuvette 5 add 1 mL of phosphate buffer, 1.5 mL + 3 drops of distilled water, and 1 mL of DPIP. Link the computer to the colorimeter, and prepare Logger Pro. Add three drops of unboiled chloroplasts to the water and ph osphate buffer as indicated in the table. Cap the cuvette, place it into the colorimeter and use it to calibrate the colorimeter. Finally, add three drops of unboiled chloroplasts to cuvette 2, immediately start your stopwatch, and record the time and transmittance in the data table. Return the cuvette to its foil container and place it behind the heat sink. Add three drops of unboiled chloroplasts to cuvette 3, immediately record the transmittance and time. Add three drops of boiled chloroplast to cuvette 4, and record the time and transmittance. Check and record the transmittance of cuvette 5, which is the control. Record time and transmittance. Remember to check the transmittance of each cuvette at five-minute intervals from when the chloroplasts were added up to 15 minutes. Conclusion Functioning chloroplasts and the availability of light are two important factors for the rate of photosynthesis. Light is needed to excite the electrons from the water molecule. Then the excited electron binds with NADP, or in this case, DPIP. When the DPIP accepts the electron, the compound begins to degrade. A greater concentration of DPIP is easily seen inside a cuvette because of the dark blue dye associated with the DPIP. As DPIP degrades, the color of the chloroplast solution begins to get lighter. A solution without DPIP would be clear. Percent transmittance would be greater if more light passes through the solution in the colorimeter. If a cuvette had functioning chloroplasts and was exposed to light, the DPIP would be breaking down at a faster rate in the controlled time, which would mean there are less DPIP compounds in the cuvette, resulting in a lighter colored suspension; the amount of DPIP is directly related to the shade of the solution. The percent transmittance is de termined from the shade of the suspension; the lighter the solution, the smaller the amount of DPIP remaining. Therefore, the decrease of DPIP in the given time would indicate that photosynthesis is indeed occurring in the cuvette. Our hypothesis is supported by the data because we hypothesized that fully functioning chloroplast with the presence of light would result in the occurrence of photosynthesis. In this experiment, we tested and observed the effect of the condition of chloroplast and the presence of light on the rate of photosynthesis. In cuvette 2, we added unboiled chloroplast and did not allow light to penetrate the cuvette. So we used aluminum foil to block out the light from the light source behind the heat sink. At 0 minutes, the light transmittance was at 17.5%. But 10 minutes later the percent transmittance was at 19.9%. The data indicates that where was a small amount of DPIP reduced. When we removed the cuvettes foil shell to measure transmittance, light was introduced to the suspension. This indicates that the very little photosynthesis that occurred was the result of the light that excited electrons for DPIP to accept during the seconds between the removing and the replacing of the aluminum cuvette castings. In cuvette 3, there was unboiled chloroplast and light introduced to the mixture of distilled water, phosphate buffer, and DPIP. As you can see from the provided data table and graph, at 0 minutes, the transmittance was 18.09%. But 10 minutes later, the percent transmittance rose to 96.26%. Light struck the functioning chloroplast, excited electrons, and caused DPIP to break down as it accepted the electrons. This is evidence of photosynthesis occurring at a very fast rate inside cuvette 3. But 15 minutes later, the transmittance of cuvette 3 was to 96.83%. This shows that the rate of photosynthesis slows down, but this was the cause of the scarce amount of DPIP. The rate of photosynthesis was so fast that it used up almost all of the available DPIP in 10-15 minutes. In cuvette 4, there was boiled chloroplast in the suspension, and light was present. At the initial time, 0 minutes, percent transmittance was at 24.32%. 10 minutes later, the solution had a 28.47% tr ansmittance. There is a slight increase in transmittance, but exposure to light can cause DPIP to break down. If photosynthesis had occurred, it would have occurred at a much faster rate. The data would be similar to cuvette 3s data, but because of the slight increase of transmittance, photosynthesis did not occur. This proves out hypothesis that for photosynthesis to occur, light and functional chloroplast must be present. When the chloroplast was boiled, this destroyed the chloroplast. Therefore, without functioning chloroplast, photosynthesis will not occur. Cuvette 5 was the control; chloroplast was not added to the solution. At 0 minutes cuvette 5 had a transmittance of 25.22%. 10 minutes later cuvette 5s transmittance was 22.60%. This decrease is due to experimental error. Without light, functional chloroplast would be no use. In order for photosynthesis to occur, light must be present to excite the electrons. Because of the absence of light, DPIP will not degrade due to accepting excited electrons, for instance, cuvette 2s data. Without fully functional chloroplast, there will not be any electrons in photosystem II to excite, and the DPIP will not degrade because there arent any excited electrons to bond to, for example, cuvette 4. This data proves that for photosynthesis to occur, fully functional chloroplast and light must be present. Analysis The DPIP will be used to substitute the NADP electron acceptor. When light strikes the chloroplasts, the electrons are boosted to a higher energy level, which will reduce the DPIP, turning it from blue to colorless. The DPIP replaces the NADP molecule. Electrons used to reduce DPIP are obtained when a water molecule is split. The colorimeter in this experiment measures the amount of light received at the sensor across from the light source in the colorimeter. If the chloroplast suspension, which is placed in between the light sensor and the light source, is darker in color, then we can imply that the DPIP in the solution has not yet broken down, which confirms that photosynthesis is not occurring. Darkness inhibits the reduction of DPIP; because the light waves are not exciting the electrons in the chloroplast, the DPIP is not breaking down. Therefore, the DPIP remains in great numbers in the chloroplast suspension. The more DPIP, the darker the solution. Boiling chloroplasts does not affect the reduction of DPIP. When the chloroplast is boiled, it is nonfunctional. Because the chloroplast is nonfunctional, the photosystem II is unable to receive the light and excite the electron. Because the electrons are not excited, the DPIP is not reduced. Chloroplasts that were incubated in the light are able to harness the energy from the light to excite electrons that is then accepted by DPIP. This causes a reduction of DPIP, which makes the originally blue chloroplast suspension to lighten in color. The lighter the solution, the greater the percent transmittance, because more light can pass through the solution in the colorimeter. Chloroplasts that were kept in the dark do not receive light and cannot excite electrons. The DPIP compounds are not broken down, which results in a darker blue suspension. When this is placed into the colorimeter to measure percent transmittance, less light will be able to travel through the suspension due to the dark-blue color of the suspension. Cuvette 1: was used to calibrate the colorimeter. This cuvette did not contain DPIP, which would resemble 100% transmittance because of the lack of dye in the solution. Cuvette 2: contained unboiled chloroplast and was kept in the dark. This was used to confirm that both functional chloroplast and light are needed for photosynthesis to occur because the combination of unboiled chloroplast and the absence of light did not produce a significance increase in percent transmittance. Cuvette 3: contained functional chloroplast and was placed in the light. The significant increase of percent transmittance proves that both functional chloroplast and significant light are necessary for photosynthesis to occur. Cuvette 4: contained boiled chloroplast and was placed in the light. The function of this cuvette was to prove that functional chloroplast and light are needed for photosynthesis to occur, but the small increase in percent transmittance may have been the result due to the light breaking down DPIP. Cuvette 5: did not contain any chloroplast or light. This cuvette was used as a control. It would be used as the â€Å"baseline† when analyzing data because it can reveal any effects that is experienced by the cuvette that did not result from the presence of chloroplast or light.

A First Look at Unity, Duality, and Complexity :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Science, as we understand it in Western culture, arose during the Golden Age of Greece. Greek mystics in the sixth century B.C. did not distinguish science from philosophy and religion, but combined them in an endeavor to discover the "essential nature" of things, which they called Physis. (Capra, 1975) Heraclitus of Ephesus proposes in Concerning Nature (ca. 500 B.C.) that all things are in a continual process of "Becoming"; (Capra, 1975) He depicts a world composed of paired opposites (hot/cold, wet/dry, etc.) which struggle eternally to dominate one another. Each pair of warring opposites simultaneously exists as a unity, which contains and transcends them. (Capra, 1975) Heraclitus uses Logos, the Greek word for reason, to describe the principle of order and intelligibility which governs the interplay of opposing forces. He compares his universal principle to fire, and uses fire to symbolize "the continuous flow and change of all things." (Capra, 1975) The dynamism which Heraclitus propounds was opposed by Parmenides of Elea, who believed "Being" to be something unique and invariable. (Capra, 1975) Whereas Heraclitus taught that whatever appears to be static is deceiving, Parmenides considered change to be impossible, and apparent changes to be illusions of the senses. (Capra, 1975) Philosophers in the Periclean Age sought to reconcile the Heraclitian and Parmenidian views. They concluded that Parmenides' "Being" implies certain indestructible and invariable substances, which would soon be termed "atoms." These indivisible units moved, but they were not responsible for their own motion; their mixture and separation was the result of forces first described as Heraclitus' "Becoming." This distinction between an object and its mover gave rise to the division between "matter", the "building blocks" of which are atoms, and "spirit", a force fundamentally different from matter. From this distinction arose the duality of mind and matter, body and soul. (Capra, 1975) Twenty-five hundred years later, we have yet to restore their unity. Aristotle's organization and codification of Greek science and culture became the basis of the Western view of the universe, and underscored the line between body and spirit indelibly. Aristotle advanced the preeminence of spiritual concerns, subjugating the bodily and material. This attitude has been propagated and exploited by the Christian church since its inception. The most extreme philosophical formulation of the mind/matter duality was developed by Descartes, in the seventeenth century. Descartes based his view of nature "on the fundamental division into two separate realms: that of the mind (res cogitans) and that of matter (res extensa).

Data Compression and Decompression Algorithms

Table of Contents Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦2 1. Data Compression†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦2 1. 1Classification of Compression†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2 1. 2 Data Compression methods†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 2. Lossless Compression Algorithm†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4 2. 1 Run-Length Encoding†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 2. 1. 1 Algorithm†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 5 2. 1. 2Complexity †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 5 2. 1. 3 Advantages and disadvantage†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦6 3.Huffmann coding†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦6 3. 1 Huffmann encoding†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 6 3. 2 Algorithm†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 7 4. Lempel-Ziv algorithm†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7 4. 1 Lempel-Ziv78†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 8 4. 2Encoding Algorithm†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 8 4. 3 Decoding Algorithm†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 12 5. Lempel-Ziv Welch†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 14 5. 1 Encoding Algorithm†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 14 5. 2 Decoding Algorithm†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 6 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 17 INTRODUCTION: Data compression is a common requirement for most of the computerized applications. There are number of data compression algorithms, which are dedicated to compress different data formats. Even for a single data type there are number of different compression algorithms, which use different approaches. This paper examines lossless data compression algorithms. 1. DATA COMPRESSION: In computer science  data compression  involves  encoding  information  using fewer  bits  than the original representation.Compression is useful because it helps reduce the consumption of resources such as data space or transmission  capacity. Because compressed data must be decompressed to be used, this extra processing imposes computational or other costs through decompression. 1. 1 Classification of Compression: a) Static/non-adaptive compressio n. b) Dynamic/adaptive compressioin. a) Static/Non-adaptive Compression: A  static  method is one in which the mapping from the set of messages to the set of codewords is fixed before transmission begins, so that a given message is represented by the same codeword every time it appears in the message ensemble.The classic static defined-word scheme is Huffman coding. b) Dynamic/adaptive compression: A code is  dynamic  if the mapping from the set of messages to the set of codewords changes over time. 2. 2 Data Compression Methods: 1) Losseless Compression: Lossless compression reduces bits by identifying and eliminating  statistical redundancy. No information is lost in Lossless compression is possible because most real-world data has statistical redundancy. For example, an image may have areas of colour that do not change over several pixels; instead of coding â€Å"red pixel, red pixel, †¦ the data may be encoded as â€Å"279 red pixels†. Lossless compression is used in cases where it is important that the original and the decompressed data be identical, or where deviations from the original data could be deleterious. Typical examples are executable programs, text documents, and source code. Some image file formats, like  PNG  or  GIF, use only lossless compression 2) Loosy Compression: In information technology, lossy compression is a data encoding method that compresses data by discarding (losing) some of it. The procedure aims to inimize the amount of data that needs to be held, handled, and/or transmitted by a computer. Lossy compression is most commonly used to compress multimedia data (audio, video, and still images), especially in applications such as streaming media and internet telephony. If we take a photo of a sunset over the sea, for example there are going to be groups of pixels with the same colour value, which can be reduced. Lossy algorithms tend to be more complex, as a result they achieve better results for bitma ps and can accommodate for the lose of data. The compressed file is an estimation of the original data.One of the disadvantages of lossy compression is that if the compressed file keeps being compressed, then the quality will degraded drastically. 2. Lossless Compression Algorithms: 2. 1 Run-Length Encoding(RLE): RLE stands for Run Length Encoding. It is a lossless algorithm that only offers decent compression ratios in specific types of data. How RLE works: RLE is probably the easiest compression algorithm. It replaces sequences of the same data values within a file by a count number and a single value. Suppose the following string of data (17 bytes) has to be compressed: ABBBBBBBBBCDEEEEFUsing RLE compression, the compressed file takes up 10 bytes and could look like this: A 8B C D 4E F 2. 1. 1 Algorithm: for (i=0;i

The Heart of Christianity in a Time of Change

The Heart of Christianity in a Time of Change For many years the question of â€Å"what is the heart of Christianity?† has lingered in the minds of many believers. This has led to new ways of seeing Christianity and what it means to be a Christian to emerge. These new ways of understanding Christianity differ from the dominant way that has been in existence for many years, this means that Christianity is in a time of conflict.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Heart of Christianity in a Time of Change specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This has led to the emergence of two paradigms on how Christians see the Bible, God, Jesus, faith, and the Christian life. According to the earlier paradigm, the bible is a divine book; it is the â€Å"Word of God† (Borg 7). This paradigm has over the years become less compelling. There is no doubt that it nourished the lives of many a fact that the author believes that it was the spirit of God working through it. Th e emerging paradigm on the other hand sees Christian life as â€Å"a historical, metaphorical, and sacramental way of seeing the bible† (Borg 13). It sees Christian life in a different perspective. According to it, Christianity entails a life of relationship and transformation that one does not need to believe in Christianity in order to be a Christian but rather, one should relate with God well in order to change the current circumstances. These two paradigms are usually suspicious of each other. The earlier paradigm sees the emerging paradigm as a reduction of Christianity where as the emerging paradigm sees the earlier paradigm as anti-intellectual and selectively moralistic (Borg 15). They both agree on the common focus of the bible and Jesus, and how Jesus plays a central role in mediating man to God. Many see the earlier paradigm as being static, an obstacle and therefore feel that their relationship with the Supreme can be nourished in a different way. The most importa nt aspect here is functionality, if a paradigm works for you, well and good, it does not mean it is the only right way (Borg 18). Making the Connection among Liberation Theologies around the World We learn from this book that liberation theologies in the world do not share a single perspective; each theology has its own distinctive view point. For instance, the past two decades have seen emergence of views in the Christian cycles. People around the world have risen against the social, economic, political, and religious structures that exist. These groups began new Christian practices and new ways of being the church. They led to the birth of new theologians with the knowledge in the life and practice of their groups. The book tries to show that all theologies are contextual and therefore, have limits, just like Anna Karenina put it, â€Å"each society, like each family, is unhappy in its own way† (Engel Brooks 3).Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? L et's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Theologies cannot be heaped together because they are not interchangeable. They all have their own unique interests, viewpoints, aims as dictated by the society they exist in. This book depicts theologians as voices responding to and accountable to their groups and their context. Contextuality can be understood as one’s shared location. Each location has its norms. Michel Foucault wrote that â€Å"Each society has a regime of truth, its ‘general politics’ of truth† (Engel Brooks 6). This means that truth is a function of what a particular society accepts to be true. Liberation theologies do not split faith and life, theology and politics, and do not impose abstract principles upon the life of faith. They aim at social transformation towards greater justice for all people. They also work towards the empowerment of individuals. We also see that these theologies exist i n suspicion of each other. Each sees others as furthering the dominant mode of oppression. They therefore call for the liberation of Christian theology from concepts and structures that are oppressive (Engel Brooks 9). Faith Seeking Understanding: Chapter 1 The author of this book stresses that asking question is the nature of human beings and to be Christian entails asking tough questions in the light of the grace of God in his son Jesus Christ. He asserts that theology is not just the repetition of church doctrines nor ostentatious system building, but it is about faith asking questions and seeking their understanding. Faith and inquiry cannot therefore be separated. The freedom and responsibility of Christians to inquire about their faith in God is the mother of theology. Theology is a continual process because questions are asked over and over (Migliore 12). The author also argues that just like faith, theology is not a bundle of doctrines and symbols from which people can sele ct at will and organize them as they wish. Christian theology has doctrines that form a coherent whole. Theology teaches that every disturbed ear should be listened to. Today’s needs call for Christians to faithfully serve the gospel instead of endorsing the cultural forms in which it is mediated uncritically. He reiterates that today’s theology calls for thinking through and living out the faith as it relates to new experiences, problems and possibilities. I agree with Migliore that despite the difficult task of theology, there is no escaping the questions about the wholeness, the truth, the intelligibility, and the concrete practice of the gospel (Migliore 19).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Heart of Christianity in a Time of Change specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Catholicism: Faith, Theology and Belief The author begins with a brief description of the problem that is brought about by the failu re of many Catholics to understand the differences among faith, theology and belief. These are identified as the elements of the problem. The first element is faith, which is defined as the personal knowledge of God. It is not primarily the belief in revealed truths to humans by God through the bible and the church, but it is how people come to know God as God. The second element is theology which has been defined as the process by which Christians bring their knowledge and understanding of God to the level of expression. The third element is belief. This is something that is accepted to be true without evidence. It is therefore a formulation of the knowledge that Christians have of God through faith. The final element discussed is religious education. Religious education helps individuals understand, respond and be transformed by God’s presence in their lives and work towards the continued transformation of the world in respect to the understanding of God (McBrien 24). This text shows that teaching religion is not just about the faith as it is done by Catholics, but should also allow for the teaching of modern theologies. We have just seen that the four elements relate to each other and therefore must be incorporated in religious teaching in order to dispel the misunderstandings in the Christian realm. The â€Å"Why and the what of Christians feminist theology† Many questions arise from this book in relation to the humanity of women. This brought out by Christine de Pizan who was concerned with women’s humanity because being male was equated to being human. Women were seen as lesser beings. Using her book, â€Å"the book of the city of ladies†, Pizan argues that women are human just like men and therefore do not need guidance and protection from men. She goes on to say that if given a chance, women can perform better just as men. She was so concerned with this issue to the extent that she never used the word feminism in her work un til the 19th century. It was in 1882 by Auclert to depict the struggle for women to get political rights. In the same century, female organizations emerged. They started speaking publicly about this issue in churches. These efforts saw many countries attain rights for women such as New Zealand, Finland, and eventually Russia, Canada and Great Britain in the 20th century (Clifford 1).Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These continued in the 19th century in the US where women were seen as subordinates and dependent on their male counterparts. Men exercised sovereignty in many areas. Women on the other hand were morally superior but seen to delicate to actively participate in public affairs. Feminist movement emerged to fight oppression discrimination and violence against women and for equality and dignity. There also emerged the second wave feminists. These included the liberal feminists, who fought for the civil rights for women, cultural feminists who emphasized the moral superiority of women, radical feminists who sought to eradicate patriarchy, and finally, the socialist feminists who fought to end economic dependence of women upon men. The book ended by looking at the types of feminist theology (Clifford 1). Experience, Knowledge, and Wisdom According to Ford, there is no distinct way of understanding and knowing theology. To experience, understand, and know theology needs wisdom which helps in shaping life and making it sensible despite its diversity, fragmentation, and also the fragility of beauty, truth, and goodness. He shows that theology is all about the world, the self and the language, elements that are in an endless interplay. He has discussed about epistemology, a branch of philosophy dealing with the nature of knowing. Topics discussed here included extreme objectivism, extreme subjectivism, and the view of the world as a construct of languages (Ford 1). Through this book we get to understand why theology fails. The author has shown that oversimplified and inappropriate conceptions make theology to suffer. To truly understand and know God, Christians need unwavering wisdom. Because theology is all about questions, the type of questions will show an individual’s valid interest in the particular subject. To answer these questions requires valid methods of knowing to serve the particular interest. First people have to understand that knowledge is both soc ial and individual. Individually, every person experiences understanding and judging. Socially, individuals have to appreciate other people’s experiences, understandings, and judgments. Knowledge can be instantaneous but mostly it takes time. Humans use their knowledge and language to construct reality. This is what theology is all about. And if humans understand that things can go wrong then there is nothing wrong with improvements because knowledge keeps on growing (Ford 1). Genesis 1-3 This text shows God as an interactive being with already existing creatures. This is what theology is all about, interaction, coexistence with others in the understanding of God’s word. There is also the issue of knowledge, the humans ate from it and committed sin. Knowledge is the ability to discern good and bad. The response from God is not a punishment but consequences that reflect the time and context in which they existed. Adam sees everything to be fine but he has no one of his kind, he is lonely until a woman (Eve) was created. This is how important women are in the society. They should be treated equally and given equal opportunity with men because they are all equal in the eyes of God (Genesis 1). An introduction to the Bible: A journey into three worlds In this text we learn that the bible is a collection of books, which did not attain authority at one time. They were accepted through canonization that happened in three stages as revealed by the tree divisions of the canon. These were the Torah, the Prophets, and the writings. This text agrees that Christianity is centered in the bible and that it is undergoing changes as seen in the two paradigms. It says that the bible is historical, metaphorical and sacramental (Hauer Young 1). Feminist perspectives on the bible For a long time the bible has been a point of contention when it comes to the place of the woman in society. It is such issues that saw the emergence of feminist movement like the one initi ated by Stanton â€Å"The woman’s bible project†. Women came up with the idea that if men could revise the bible, why not them? This book talks about women and the bible trying to bring out their perspectives. It tries to find out why the knowledge of biblical women is so scanty. It sees the patriarchal attitudes of men as the cause of the neglect of women in liturgical readings and religious instructions. This is why feminist biblical scholars like Stanton embarked on biblical research to change it. I think these women were justified to fight for their right because scripture teaches that all are equal in the eyes of god (Clifford 66). Comparison of the Various Authors Borg in his book, â€Å"The heart of Christianity in a time of change† says that Christianity has gone through changes, which he puts into two paradigms. Engel and Brooks in their book, â€Å"Making the Connection among Liberation Theologies around the world† tells us that because Christia nity involves asking endless questions, there has emerged many theologies. These authors agree that there is no single paradigm or theology that is better than the other; they all work for the best of each group that is using it. Migliore, in the book, â€Å"Faith seeking understanding† agrees with Brook and Engel that theology is about asking questions. He also believes that Christians should be given a chance to inquire about their faith. These sentiments are also echoed but Ford in the book, â€Å"Experience, Knowledge, and Wisdom†. McBrien in his book, â€Å"Catholicism: Faith, Theology and Belief†, argues that Christians should have faith, which is the knowledge of God. Then they should be able to express their knowledge of God to others. He agrees with Migliore up to this point that faith and theology are inseparable, but differs with the others on the issue of belief. Belief entails accepting something without evidence, but others think that Christianity should be a way of life, a continual process of inquiry to gain knowledge and understanding of one’s faith. Clifford in the â€Å"Why and the What of Christian feminist theology† talks about women and Christianity, he shows how women reformation has come about over the years. He argues that women are equal to men in the eyes of God, sentiments that he also brings out in the book, Feminist perspectives on the bible. In think that Christianity should not be about faith, believing the teaching, traditions and systems put in place to be true without question as some Christians do. I agree with some of the authors that Christianity should be a way of life, a continual process of inquiry into one’s faith to get a better understanding of the Christian teachings. This is because the world is not static, it involves events and situations that keep on changing and their Christians should embrace the changes by accepting the different theologies depending on the situation and context they are in. am also a strong believer in equal opportunity for all and therefore everyone including women should be allowed to participate in the Christian way of life in all spheres. Borg, Marcus. The Heart of Christianity in a Time of Change. Clifford, Anne M. Introducing Feminist Theology. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis, 2001. Print. Clifford, Anne. Feminist Perspectives on the Bible. Engel, Potter and Brooks Susan. Introduction: Making the Connections among Liberation Theologies Around the World. Ford, David. Experiment, knowledge, and wisdom. Genesis. The Creation of the world n.d. Web. https://www.esv.org/Genesis+1/ Hauer, Christian and Young, William. An introduction to the Bible and Journey into three worlds. McBrien, Richard. Catholicism. Migliore, Daniel. Faith seeking understanding: an introduction to Christian theology. New York: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 2004. Print.

Essay on Sojourner Truth

Essay on Sojourner Truth Essay on Sojourner Truth Andrew Benyamin 3 April 2015 ORP Project Mrs. Martins Sojourner Truth Author- Peter Krass Subject- Sojourner Truth Date- 1988 Place- USA Publisher- Grolier Incorporated Number of Pages- 110 This book is a true tribute to sojourner Truth and has improved my opinion of her. Sojourner Truth has done many things to change my perspective of her. For example she pushed and pushed to fight for not only hers but also other woman’s rights, freedom, and to end slavery over all. Like many colored children back then, she was born into slavery but escaped many years later with her infant child. When she was younger about 12 to be exact both her parents passed away. For someone to have strength like that to keep going and push for her and many others freedom shows great courage and motivation. Her parents’ passing away was a key component for her to push on and to help others. She never stopped believing in her dreams and that later on changed the future. A. What are the details about this person’s life? Sojourner Truth also known as Isabella was born into slavery like many others. As a child she was sold to more than four owners, and as she grew up she was released in 1826, carrying her infant daughter, Sophia. In 1843 she changed her name to Sojourner Truth and announced she would travel the land as a preacher telling the truth against injustice. During the next several years she traveled around the East and Midwest preaching for human rights. She was also known as a powerful figure in many national social movements. She spoke forcefully for the abolition of slavery, women’s rights and suffrage, the right of freedom, and termination of capital punishment. Her first trip was to a place called Battle Creek in Michigan. There she was invited to speak to the radical quacker group, â€Å"The Friends of Human Progress†. The next year she moved to Michigan and bought a little barn on College Street. Unfortunately that is where she passed away on November 26, 1883. Her funera l service was attended by 1000 people. There was a phrase on her tombstone which was â€Å"Is God Dead†. E. What personality traits helped this person achieve success and or fame? There were many traits that helped Sojourner Truth achieve greatness and success. These traits were love, motivation, and determination. Truth’s love was motivated by her love Robert. She saw him get beaten and tortured by their owner when they were slaves. That triggered her emotions and her determination to abolish slavery. Truth went on a tour/ trip across the country preaching too many different groups and people about how slavery is bad and the negatives of it. On this trip she gave her

Input and Output Devices Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Input and Output Devices - Research Paper Example It can be called as a text based input device, as it allows the user to enter information in the form of alphabets, numbers and other such familiar characters. In addition to these keys, a keyboard also contains special keys such as enter, space bar, function keys, etc which have a specific function assigned to them intended to make user experience easier (COMPUTER ORGANISATION). The mouse can be referred to as the most commonly used pointing device. Instructions are given to the computer by pointing the mouse pointer to a location on the screen by moving the mouse. Common tasks that can be performed by the mouse include positioning the cursor on the screen, moving an icon, and selecting an object. After the onset of graphical user interfaces (GUIs), the mouse has become an indispensable tool in the computer – human interaction. The joystick is a digital device, comprising of a stick that pivots around its base and moves the graphic cursor on the screen according to the motion of the stick. A button serves as a clickable object on the joystick that can be used to select objects to which the graphic cursor is currently pointing to. Joysticks primarily find use as an input device in video games, training simulators and robotic simulations. A light pen is a light sensitive input device, which functions very much like an ordinary pen. It is used to select objects on the screen directly. These find use in computer graphics, animation, computer drawing and for easy selection of options from a menu. By moving the pen, a corresponding trace or sketch can be recorded on the computer. Handwritten notes can be produced by using this device, which can be recognized using OCR technology and converted into computer text form. An output device is a computer peripheral that receives information to the computer and presents it to the user. Generally the output from the computer is displayed visually. A computer monitor displays

The Well Paid Receptionist Case Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Well Paid Receptionist Case Analysis - Essay Example The main problem with a company’s employees is that he/she gets little salary because employers’ strategy is to cut on salary expenses. However, employees are not deterred and use offers to enhance their earnings. An employee also ensures that sales increase through her good attendance and service to customers. She/he therefore focuses on improving his/her skills and performing well in his/her job and even engages in training to improve their skills (Berman, 2007). Suppliers of materials also have their own values. For instance, the supply of a good material with good capabilities is a good indicator of the supplier’s ethical business values and concerns for their customers, which leads to the supply of appropriate materials for the company. The Company’s customers develop good loyalty to Harvey’s services and business. They want a direct contract with the firm for all their service needs. The customers also need to be given specific attention to and their needs be met. The customers demand good services and attention from the company and that’s what makes the company to gain loyalty from customers. A company operating in the society should always be concerned with the needs of the society, hence making it concerned with third party values (Scott, 1999). The members of the society within which the business operates need good business environment so as to enable them recover from the problems related to the recession, pollution, inflation and unemployment. Competitors in the industry always display their own values in order to gain competitive advantage in the market. Each player in the industry has competition strategies to win the market (Bamford & West, 2010). In fact, there is always a need to take the best employees by competitors in the market so as to gain competitive advantage due to improved service delivery by the best